A bond rating is a credit risk evaluation. There are three major rating agencies for municipal bonds: Moody's Investors Service, S&P Global (formerly Standard & Poor's) and Fitch Ratings. Oakland County uses S&P Global and Moody's, which rate over 80% of all bonds. 

In assigning a rating for general obligation bonds the rating agencies assess the following factors: local economy; debt structure; financial condition; demographic factors; management practices of the governing body and administration.

To provide an example of what the ratings mean, Moody's "investment grade" ratings (ratings in the Baa category or higher in contrast to lower rated issues that are considered speculative) are described below.

“Aaa” - Issuers or issues rated Aaa demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues. 

“Aa” - Issuers or issues rated Aa demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues. 

“A” - Issuers or issues rated A present above-average creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.  

“Baa” - Issuers or issues rated Baa represent average creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

The Triennial Budget for FY 2024 – FY 2026 continues the County’s practice of a balanced, transparent, and fiscally-responsible budget. The bi-partisan budget was passed in September 2023 with no use of the budget surplus for ongoing operations and maintains a fund balance well above 30% of the county’s general fund budget, both of which are key practices for maintaining the county’s AAA bond rating.

For more information, visit the Department of Management and Budget.